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ALKANES:
- these are also called paraffin.
- alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
- the formula of alkanes (CnH2n+2).
- when the H atom is removed from the alkane then it is replaced by the name of alkyl.
- the formula for alkyl is (Cn H2n+1).
- the carbon atom in it shows the sp3 hybridization.
- the bond length is equal to 1.54°A.
ALKENES:
- these are also called as olefins means form oil products.
- it possess a double bond between them.
- the formula is (CnH2n).
- the carbon atom in it shows the sp2 hybridization.
- the bond length is equal to 1.34°A.
ALKYNES:
- these are also called as acetylenes.
- the formula for this is (Cn H2n-2).
- the carbon atom in it possesses a triple bond and also shows the linear shape means it is in an sp hybridization.
- the bond length is equal to 1.20°A.
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