ALKANES: these are also called paraffin. alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. the formula of alkanes (CnH2n+2). when the H atom is removed from the alkane then it is replaced by the name of alkyl. the formula for alkyl is (Cn H2n+1). the carbon atom in it shows the sp3 hybridization. the bond length is equal to 1.54°A. ALKENES: these are also called as olefins means form oil products. it possess a double bond between them. the formula is (CnH2n). the carbon atom in it shows the sp2 hybridization. the bond length is equal to 1.34°A. ALKYNES: these are also called as acetylenes. the formula for this is (Cn H2n-2). the carbon atom in it possesses a triple bond and also shows the linear shape means it is in an sp hybridization. the bond length is equal to 1.20°A.